miércoles, 27 de agosto de 2008

Aborto: en resumen...

por Martín Bonfil Olivera
Publicado en
Milenio Diario, 27 de agosto de 2008

Desde el lunes, la Suprema Corte discute la constitucionalidad de la reforma que despenalizó el aborto en el DF. El debate público sobre el tema se ha recrudecido. Conviene repasar algunos hechos fundamentales, sin olvidar que, por ser hechos, son independientes de nuestras creencias o deseos:

1) Cada año, en México, miles de mujeres quedan embarazadas sin haberlo planeado. Muchas deciden abortar y lo hacen, sea legal o no.

2) En los estados, y en el DF antes de la despenalización, un alto porcentaje de las mujeres que abortaban sufrían complicaciones de salud derivadas del procedimiento, frecuentemente realizado en condiciones insalubres. Muchas de ellas morían.

3) A partir de la despenalización, el número de mujeres muertas o con problemas de salud derivados de abortos disminuyó drásticamente. La única muerte registrada fue producto de fallas humanas.

4) Muchos argumentos contrarios a la despenalización, como el carácter “plenamente humano” del feto de menos de 12 semanas o la existencia de un “derecho natural” están basados en creencias religiosas como la existencia de un espíritu o alma, o la existencia de un plan divino en la naturaleza.

Basándose en estos hechos, se puede afirmar con solidez lo siguiente:

1) La despenalización obedece a un problema de salud y libertades individuales. No es una decisión moral ni va “en contra de la vida humana”, como se afirma (puesto que a las 12 semanas no hay ser humano al cual afectar; sólo un organismo en las etapas iniciales de su desarrollo). Simplemente, se evitan muertes de mujeres.

2) Nadie está “a favor” del aborto. Se trata de un último recurso. Apoyar su despenalización no es promoverlo, sino mitigar sus efectos negativos. Para evitar abortos, lo mejor es prevenir los embarazos no deseados con educación sexual y el uso de anticonceptivos.

3) La ley no obliga a nadie a abortar: sólo otorga a las mujeres la libertad de decidir. La dimensión moral de abortar o no queda en la conciencia personal de cada una de ellas.

Ojalá se reconozca que, en vez de penas de 3 a 6 meses de cárcel, lo que se requiere es un sistema que apoye a las mujeres y reconozca sus necesidades. Y que la mejor forma de hacerlo es ampliando, no limitando, sus libertades individuales.

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Respuestas dijo...

El aborto legal esta aprobado en 55 paises de todo el mundo, aunque se establezca algunas condiciones con respecto al límite de tiempo de embarazo para que ser realizado, por indicación médica, entre otras.

Entre algunos países podemos mencionar Perú, Panamá, Uruguay, México, los Estados Unidos, algunas islas del Caribe, como Trinidad y Tobago, Santa Lucía, Granada, entre otros, aprobado en algunos casos; unos con más o menos restricciones que otros.

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El aborto y sus consecuencias

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